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2021年11月3日 星期三

"The World for Sale" by Javier Blas and Jack Farchy (2021)


"The Monopoly money, which looked a bit like a cheque, carried the logo of Cargill Cotton and the signatures of two of its top local executives.  It didn't matter that the bills didn't bear the signature of the governor of the Zimbabwean central bank, or the wildlife scenes that typically decorated Zimbabwean banknotes.  They were soon being accepted alongside Zimbabwe's official currency at shops across Harare.

"In all but name, Cargill was acting as the country's bureau of engraving and printing and its central bank.  It took out adverts in a local newspaper, instructing Zimbabweans that the banknotes 'should be treated as cash.'  It issued more banknotes in 2004, with denominations as high as 100,000 Zimbabwean dollars."

Javier Blas and Jack Farchy are reporters working for Bloomberg News.  Blas is the Chief Energy Correspondent, and Farchy is the Senior Reporter for Energy and Commodities.  Searching the Bloomberg site for articles they've written reveals a host of reports closely related to the subject of The World for Sale.

The World for Sale is about commodity traders.  I'll agree that it sounds boring, but once you understand the pivotal role these traders have played in world markets since the 1970s it's anything but.  Put in the most general terms, the rise and fall of these commodity traders mirrors the rise and fall of the world economy, and many world events that seem political have arisen from economic factors which are directly or indirectly related to the global trade in commodities.

With the opening of the Russian oil market after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the commodity traders have won and lost fortunes, many accumulating billions on careful speculation.  In the modern era oil is key to their business, and in the quest for oil reserves commodity traders often cross into "gray areas" which involve bribery, theft and sometimes even murder.

I'm glad I read this book.  Before reading it names like Glencore and Vitol were just names to me, but now I know what they do and how they do it.  I also know how they've influenced the course of world events behind the scenes, everything from destabilizing the Middle East, abetting the rise of communist China, and drawing the ire of the U.S. government, which has used its power over the banking system to limit the scope of the commodity traders' operations.

If you're not interested in economics you'll struggle with this book, but if you're on the fence don't worry, it never gets that technical.  It also tells a very personal story of men falling victim to their own ambitions, while offering insight into several world events.

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2018年8月18日 星期六

"The Dharma Bums" by Jack Kerouac (1958)


"Japhy leaping up: 'I've been reading Whitman, know what he says, Cheer up slaves, and horrify foreign despots, he means that's the attitude for the Bard, the Zen Lunacy bard of old desert paths, see the whole thing is a world full of rucksack wanderers, Dharma Bums refusing to subscribe to the general demand that they consume production and therefore have to work for the privilege of consuming..."

The Dharma Bums is the second of Kerouac's books I've read.  My review of On the Road can be found here, along with more historical context for this author.

The Dharma Bums offers a more mature version of Kerouac, perhaps free of earlier literary pretensions, and more comfortable with his own style of writing.  It appeared on bookstore shelves a year after On the Road, right when Kerouac was on the verge of the lasting fame which would follow the previous year's work.

Compared to On the Road, which is basically the story of a car trip, The Dharma Bums offers more spirituality, less wandering, and something closer to Kerouac's early idea of what it means to be a good person.  The friendship between Kerouac/"Ray Smith" and Japhy is predicated upon their understanding of Buddhist scriptures, and of how one might use an understanding of such scriptures to live in harmony with both other human beings and with nature.

In terms of writing style, I'd say it's a vast improvement over On the Road.  Where On the Road was a more pedestrian offering with brief flashes of brilliance, The Dharma Bums gets straight to the point, and never wavers from the spiritual goals it sets for itself.  I'm not saying that I necessarily agree with all of these goals, and even the book itself expresses some doubts as to their ultimate worth, but The Dharma Bums is nothing if not sincere, and I appreciate that.

I think that ultimately any critique of this book's spirituality rests upon two perceived weaknesses, these being "authenticity" and "cultural appropriation."  I think that on the count of "authenticity" Kerouac is free and clear, given that he's placed the narrative on relatively fictional terms, and that his reliance on the kindnesses of friends and family can be inferred from the text.  The Kerouac seen in The Dharma Bums is a far cry from the Thoreau seen in Walden.  Thoreau was being deliberately deceptive, where Kerouac is avoiding equivocation for the sake of his story.

But cultural appropriation?  Here Kerouac is on shakier ground, given that the Buddhism he employs is less a creature of its cultural and historical context than the creation of his brief acquaintance with a foreign philosophy.  I don't doubt that the spirituality put forward in The Dharma Bums is sincere, but his friend Japhy's "travels in the mysterious East" aren't enough to make their musings on Chinese ascetics and Japanese monasteries entirely convincing.  The "Buddha of the California Coast" put forward in The Dharma Bums isn't nearly as hard to swallow as the spirituality espoused in Eat, Pray, Love, but I doubt it's going to convert anyone who's not already thinking along similar lines.

If you enjoyed On the Road, I'm sure you'll enjoy The Dharma Bums.  It's full of the same wanderlust, it's full of the same sorts of memorable characters, and it's better written than Kerouac's most famous book.  If you don't buy into Kerouac's spiritual ideals it's no matter, you'll still find The Dharma Bums entertaining.

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"Eat, Pray, Love" by Elizabeth Gilbert (2006)
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